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Öğe Duzce COVID 19 PCR Tests are Worked How, Where and Under Which Conditions?(Duzce Univ, 2020) Ozturk, C. Elif; Erdogan, Ziya; Atik, Dursun; Esen, Taner; Donmez, Betul; Memis, Nagihan; Duran, PelinShortly after the first cases were reported in late 2019 in Wuhan Province of China, SARS CoV 2 spread all over the world and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 12, 2020. In Turkey the first case was in March 10, 2020 and March 25, 2020 in Duzce. Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, PCR laboratory was declared to be T.C. Ministry of Health Duzce authorized Covid 19 PCR laboratory in 28.03.2020. Samples are sent to our laboratory from all provincial and district hospitals, private hospitals and public health institutions in Duzce. This is the only Covid 19 center in our city and it works for 7 days a week. In our laboratory, Covid 19 antibody tests are carried out with card tests and ELISA methods. A total of 8500 COVID 19 PCR tests and 2200 anti Covid 19 ELISA total antibody tests were studied in our laboratory within three months Although covid 19 patients are not followed in our hospital, pandemic process continues in our laboratory. In addition, all PCR studies and IFA studies of the hospital are carried out in this laboratory.Öğe Düzce ili içme ve kullanma sularında atipik mikobakterilerin izolasyon ve tanımlanması(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2017) Atik, Dursun; Öksüz, ŞükrüMycobacterium tuberculosis kompleksi dışında kalan tüm mikobakteriler tüberküloz dışı mikobakteriler diye bilinir. NTM'ler çevrede yaygın olarak bulunmakta olup insan enfeksiyonlarının çoğunda bulaş kaynağının su olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Düzce bölgesinde içme kullanma sularında NTM varlığı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Düzce bölgesinde çeşitli şebeke suyu, depo suyu, kaynak suyu ve çeşme suyu kaynaklarından 120 farklı su örneği alınmıştır. Örnekler steril 1(bir) litrelik kaplara, aynı kaynaktan iki steril kap olacak şekilde alınmış ve alınırken su sıcaklıkları ölçülerek kaydedildi. Bu şekilde laboratuvara ulaştırılan numunelerinin klor ve pH'larının ölçüldü. Daha sonra örneklere önce bir düzenek vasıtasıyla filtrasyon, ardından dekontaminasyon işlemi uygulanmıştır, sonra düzenekte kullanılan filtreler steril bir öze ve steril bir pens yardımı ile alınarak LJ, Middlebrook 7H11 ve MGİT besiyerlerine yerleştirilerek ekim işlemi tamamlandı. Besiyerlerinde üreme varlığı 5-7 gün aralıkla takip edildi. Örnekler, LJ ve Middlebrook 7H11 agar besiyerilerinde sekiz hafta sonuna kadar, MGIT besiyeri ise altı hafta boyunca izlendi. Bu sürenin sonunda üreme sinyali vermeyen MGIT besiyerleri değerlendirmeye alınmadı. Üreme sinyali veren MGIT besiyerinden yada koloni oluşumu gözlenen LJ ve Middlebrook 7H11 besiyerlerinden alınan mikroorganizmalar aside dirençli boyama (ARB) yöntemi ile asido-rezistans bakteriler varlığı açısından incelendi. Asido rezistans boyanma özelliği göstermeyen numuneler kontaminant olarak değerlendirildi. Aside dirençli olarak izole edilen mikroorganizmlara GenoType Mycobacteria CM ve GenoType Mycobacteria AS kitleri kullanılarak moleküler yöntemlerle identifikasyonu yapılmıştır. İdentifikasyonu yapılan örneklerin dokuz tanesi M.fortuitum, üç tanesi M.gordonae, üç tanesi M.szulgai, iki tanesi M.lentiflavum, iki tanesi M.chelonae, bir tanesi ise M.pregrinum olarak tanımlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak NTM'lerin kaynaklarına yönelik epidemiyolojik çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu ülkemizde, araştırmamızın hem bölgemiz hem de ülkemiz için önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Ayrıca araştırmamızda ülkemizde daha önce benzer çalışmalarda hiç bildirilmeyen NTM kökenlerinden M. szulgai'nin saptanması bu tür çalışmaların yapılmasının ve sayıca da arttırlmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymakytadır.Öğe Evaluation of Nasal Mucociliary Clearance in Recently Diagnosed Covid-19 Patients Before Treatment(Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Koder, Ahmet; Kilicaslan, Saffet; Belada, Abdullah; Habiloglu, Arif Dogan; Ataoglu, Ozlem; Sungur, Mehmet Ali; Atik, DursunObjective: Our study aims to evaluate the nasal mucociliary clearance (NMC) in Covid-19 patients who have been recently diagnosed and not been treated yet and investigate how Covid-19 affects NMC.Methods: A total of 120 participants, who applied to Duzce Ataturk State Hospital between September and November 2020, were included in our study. 60 of them were the participants, diagnosed with Covid-19. And 60 of them were the control group. The age range was 18 to 66. 60 participants, diagnosed with Covid-19 and not yet treated, were included in our study. Those with taste disorders were excluded from the study. The control group consisted of 60 healthy volunteers. NMC was evaluated using a saccharin test. The results were compared in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).Results: The study group, which consisted of 60 Covid-19 participants of whom treatment was not yet started, and the 60-participant healthy control group were evaluated in our study. The average age of the study group was 40,72 +/- 12,96 and 39,16 in the control group. The average NMC was 15,95 +/- 3,37 in the study group, and 8,38 +/- 1,03 in the control group. When evaluated statistically, it was found higher in the study group (p<0,001).Conclusions: NMC acts as a barrier for inhaled foreign bodies. It is a non-specific protection system against airborne pathogens. Consequently, NMC extends in Covid-19 patients.Öğe Threat in water for drinking and domestic use: Nontuberculous mycobacteria(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Atik, Dursun; Oksuz, Sukru; Ozturk, Elif; Caliskan, Emel; Akar, Nida; Sungur, Mehmet AliObjective: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been recognized as a diverse group of organisms that are ubiquitous in environmental sources. In most regions of the world, NTM are not reportable as a public health disease, so epidemiological data are not easily available. However, data in published studies note increasing trends at the rate of NTM isolation from different geographic regions of the world. Increasing NTM isolation may have important public health implications. The aim of our study is the investigation of NTM from water resources and networks in Duzce, Turkey. Methods: NTM are common in water resources and water networks. They can cause waterborne infections in humans. A total of 120 water samples measured of chlorine and pH levels were decontaminated and filtered. Then, the filters were placed in the culturing media. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square and t-test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: NTM were detected in 20 (16.6%) samples. Nine of them (45%) were Mycobacterium fortuitum, three (15%) were Mycobacterium gordonae, three (15%) were Mycobacterium szulgai, two (10%) were Mycobacterium lentiflavum, two (10%) were Mycobacterium chelonae, and one (5%) was Mycobacterium peregrinum. Conclusions: These environmental bacteria can cause serious illnesses in both immunocompetent and especially immunocompromised individuals. For the correct treatment of these patients, it is important to determine NTM in clinical samples. Surveillance is necessary to know the source of NTM infection, to identify and type the strains, and to establish effective control measures such as disinfection, maintenance, and modernization of water systems.
