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    (1+PD)-PID cascade controller design for performance betterment of load frequency control in diverse electric power systems
    (Springer London Ltd, 2021) Celik, Emre; Ozturk, Nihat; Arya, Yogendra; Ocak, Cemil
    In our world of today developing incredibly fast, load frequency control (LFC) is an indispensable and vital element in increasing the standard of living of a country by providing a good quality of electric power. To this end, rapid and notable development has been recorded in LFC area. However, researchers worldwide need for the existence of not only effective but also computationally inexpensive control algorithm considering the limitations and difficulties in practice. Hence, this paper deals with the introduction of (1 + PD)-PID cascade controller to the relevant field. The controller is simple to implement and it connects the output of 1 + PD controller with the input of PID controller where the frequency and tie-line power deviation are applied to the latter controller as feedback signals also, which is the first attempt made in the literature. To discover the most optimistic results, controller gains are tuned concurrently by dragonfly search algorithm (DSA). For the certification purpose of the advocated approach, two-area thermal system with/without governor dead band nonlinearity is considered as test systems initially. Then single/multi-area multi-source power systems with/without a HVDC link are employed for the enriched validation purpose. The results of our proposal are analyzed in comparison with those of other prevalent works, which unveil that despite its simplicity, DSA optimized (1 + PD)-PID cascade strategy delivers better performance than others in terms of smaller values of the chosen objective function and settling time/undershoot/overshoot of the frequency and tie-line power deviations following a step load perturbation.
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    Advancement of the search process of salp swarm algorithm for global optimization problems
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) celik, Emre; Ozturk, Nihat; Arya, Yogendra
    This paper propounds a modified version of the salp swarm algorithm (mSSA) for solving optimization problems more prolifically. This technique is refined from the base version with three simple but effective modifications. In the first one, the most important parameter in SSA responsible for balancing exploration and exploitation is chaotically changed by embedding a sinusoidal map in it to catch a better balance between exploration and exploitation from the first iteration until the last. As a short falling, SSA can't exchange information amongst leaders of the chain. Therefore, a mutualistic relationship between two leader salps is included in mSSA to raise its search performance. Additionally, a random technique is systematically applied to the follower salps to introduce diversity in the chain. This can be since there may be some salps in the chain that do not necessarily follow the leader for exploring unvisited areas of the search space. Several test problems are solved by the advocated approach and results are presented in comparison with the relevant results in the available literature. It is ascertained that mSSA, despite its simplicity, significantly outperforms not only the basic SSA but also numerous recent algorithms in terms of fruitful solution precision and convergent trend line.
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    AGC performance amelioration in multi-area interconnected thermal and thermal-hydro-gas power systems using a novel controller
    (Elsevier - Division Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd, 2021) Arya, Yogendra; Dahiya, Pankaj; Celik, Emre; Sharma, Gulshan; Gozde, Haluk; Nasiruddin, Ibraheem
    Due to varying structure, random load demands, nonlinearities, parameters ambiguity, steadily escalating size and intricacy of the interconnected power system (IPS), automatic generation control (AGC) is treated as one of the biggest crucial issues in IPS. Hence, expert, intelligent and robust control scheme is indispensable for stable operation of IPS and supply of electricity under sudden load demand disturbances. In vision of this, in this work, a novel cascade fuzzy-proportional integral derivative incorporating filter (PIDN)-fractional order PIDN (FPIDN-FOPIDN) controller is offered as an expert control strategy to deal effectively with AGC issue of IPS. Imperialist competitive algorithm is prolifically utilized for optimizing the controller parameters. Initially, a two area non-reheat thermal IPS is studied in detail and next to attest the efficacy of the technique, the study is extended to realistic two-area multi-source thermal-hydro-gas and reheat thermal three-area systems. The prominent benefit of cascade FPIDN-FOPIDN strategy comprises its great lethargy to large load demands and its supremacy over various latest intelligent classical/fuzzy controllers. The control strategy beats several techniques concerning significant lesser settling time, oscillations, over/under shoots and different performance index values. Finally, a robustness investigation is performed in order to validate the robustness of the controller. (C) 2020 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.
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    Cascade-(IDN)-D-lambda-N-mu controller design for AGC of thermal and hydro-thermal power systems integrated with renewable energy sources
    (Inst Engineering Technology-Iet, 2021) Arya, Yogendra; Kumar, Nishant; Dahiya, Pankaj; Sharma, Gulshan; celik, Emre; Dhundhara, Sandeep; Sharma, Mandeep
    Expert, intelligent and robust automatic generation control (AGC) scheme is requisite for stable operation and control of power system (PS) integrated with renewable energy sources (RES) under sudden/random small load disturbances. Large frequency deviations appear if AGC capacity is inept to compensate for the imbalances of generation and demand. In this paper, a cascade-fractional order ID with filter (C-(IDN)-D-lambda-N-mu) controller is proposed as an expert supplementary controller to promote AGC recital adequately in electric power systems incorporated with RES like solar, wind and fuel cells. The imperialist competitive algorithm is fruitfully exploited for optimizing the controller parameters. First, a 2-area reheat thermal system is examined critically and then to authorize the worth of the proposed controller, the study is protracted to a 2-area multi-source hydro-thermal system. The prominent benefits of C-(IDN)-D-lambda-N-mu controller with/without renewable energy sources consist of its great indolence to large load disturbances and superiority over various optimized classical/fuzzy controllers published recently. The sensitivity study validates the robustness of the recommended controller against +/- 20% deviations in the system parameters and random step load perturbations.
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    A new objective function design for optimization of secondary controllers in load frequency control
    (Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2021) Yilmaz, Zumre Yenen; Bal, Gungor; Celik, Emre; Ozturk, Nihat; Guvenc, Ugur; Arya, Yogendra
    In this study, load frequency control (LFC) of two-area non-reheat thermal power system and multi-source power systems is addressed. A simple PID-structured controller is used as a secondary controller in these systems. To raise the performance of PID controller, a new multi-objective function is designed and PID controller parameters are acquired by minimizing the value of this function with symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm. All electrical power systems simulated are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the optimizer is coded in MATLAB/M-file platform. In order to affirm the contribution of the work, results collected from each power system are compared with popular results published in prestigious journals. As per the comparative results, despite its simplicity, SOS:PID controller tuned via the proposed objective function is observed to result in better performance than other approaches in terms of oscillations, settling time, maximum overshoot and maximum undershoot time domain indicators of the frequency and tie-line power change curves.