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    Advanced Treatment of Pre-treated Commercial Laundry Wastewater by Adsorption Process: Experimental Design and Cost Evaluation
    (Polish Soc Ecological Engineering, 2019) Veli, Sevil; Arslan, Ayla; Gülümser, Çisil; Topkaya, Eylem; Kurtkulak, Hatice; Zeybek, Şehriban; Dimoglo, Anatoli
    In Turkey, the commercial laundry wastewater is usually discharged to the receiving water bodies and its reuse potential is ignored. This wastewater is grouped into the greywater due to their content of organic and inorganic pollutants. In recent years, the sequential processes have become more preferable in greywater treatment and reuse. In this study, a batch adsorption process was applied for further treatment of commercial laundry wastewater which is also pre-treated by means of the electrocoagulation process. In adsorption, two different composites of waste hazelnut shell derived activated carbons, which are supported with polyaniline (PAn/HS) and polypyrrole (PPy/HS), were used as adsorbents. The efficiency of the process was evaluated by means of an experimental design, and the response surface methodology was applied for this purpose. In the experiment with PAn/HS, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) 75% removal efficiency was accomplished with adsorbent dosage of 0.9 g, at pH 8, with 125 rpm mixing rate and for 77.5 min reaction time. For PPy/HS under the same experimental conditions, the COD removal efficiency was obtained as 20%. The utilization of waste hazelnut shell derived composites as adsorbents for commercial laundry wastewater treatment is a good alternative. The production costs of adsorbents were estimated as 0.70 USD/g and 3.21 USD/g for PAn/HS and PPy/HS, respectively. In terms of the production cost, the PAn/HS composite is approved more agreeable as adsorbents for commercial laundry wastewater treatment.
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    Deep purification of pretreated laundry wastewater through the adsorption by polymeric composites and optimisation of the process
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Veli, Sevil; Arslan, Ayla; Topkaya, Eylem; Gulumser, Cisil; Kurtkulak, Hatice; Belat, Begum; Dimoglo, Anatoli
    In the article, the treatment of pre-treated laundry wastewater by adsorption method was studied through the experimental design. The composites of the polyaniline-supported activated carbons produced from sunflower seed hulls (PAn/SH) were used as adsorbents. Characteristics of the adsorbents were determined with the help of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Experimental design was used to determine the effects of pH (4-12), reaction time (5-150 min), adsorbent amount (0.3-1.5 g) and mixing rate (50-200 rpm) on the process efficiency. Monitoring of the efficiency was held in terms of detergent and chemical oxygen demand removals. Response surface methodology based on the four-variable-three-level Box-Behnken design was used to interpret the adsorption properties of laundry wastewater on COD and detergent removal efficiencies. The removal efficiencies of the adsorption process were evaluated regarding to the experimental design and also Pareto analysis was applied for profiling the percentage effect of the independent variable on the response for the study. Accordingly, the most effective factors were computed as the amount of adsorbent (82%) in detergent removal and the mixing rate (31%) in COD removal, where pH was the second effective factor for both. The highest efficiencies of the MBAS and COD removals were achieved as 95% and 74% in the 24th run, respectively. In the treatment of laundry wastewater by adsorption method, using PAn/SH produced from the sunflower seed hulls as an adsorbent will be an alternative method.