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  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Characterization of Apelin/APJ Axis Expression in Normal Testicular Tissue, Germ Cell Neoplasia in Situ, and Testicular Seminoma
    (2023) Soylu, Hakan; Ünal, Betül; Aksu, Kubra; Karacor, Kayihan; Beyazçiçek, Özge; Üstünel, İsmail
    Aim: A testicular germ cell tumour is not observed widely, but its incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. One of the most common forms of this tumour is seminoma. Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) is the precursor of seminoma. The apelin/APJ axis is increased in many cancers and is a pathway that plays an active role in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, tumour growth, and migration. This study investigated the cellular distributions of apelin and APJ protein expressions in normal testicular tissue (TT), GCNIS, and seminoma.Material and Methods: Tissues from 18 patients who had undergone orchiectomy were used in this study. These tissues include areas of normal TT, GCNIS, and seminoma. Immunolocalisation of apelin and APJ were identified through the immunohistochemical method.Results: Apelin expression was significantly increased in seminoma and GCNIS compared to normal. Apelin expression were the same in GCNIS and seminoma. APJ expression was significantly increased in seminoma compared to normal and GCNIS. Normal and GCNIS APJ expressions were similar.Conclusion: Expressions of apelin and APJ proteins were significantly increased in seminoma in our study. Our findings were consistent with the results of relevant studies as increased expression of apelin/APJ has been observed in many different cancers. It can be predicted that the increase of this pathway in seminoma may support angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, migration, and metastasis. Therefore, the increase in mortality rates in seminoma patients may be related to apelin/APJ axis. Ultimately, the use of inhibitors of this pathway in these patients may reduce their mortality rate. New studies are needed before these inhibitors can be used clinically.
  • Küçük Resim Yok
    Öğe
    Evaluation of angiogenic apelin/apelin receptor axis in normal prostate, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma
    (Malaysian Journal Pathology, 2022) Soylu, Hakan; Unal, Betul; Aksu, Kubra; Avci, Sema; Caylan, Ahmet Ender; Ustunel, Ismail
    Introduction and Objectives: Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in American men. Apelin is an endogenous peptide identified as the ligand of the G protein-associated apelin receptor. Apelin and apelin receptor have many tissues distribution and they participate in pathological processes, such as cancer. Apelin stimulates cancer angiogenesis. However, there are insufficient data in the literature regarding the role of apelin/apelin receptor in normal tissue, highgrade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the apelin and apelin receptor expression levels in tissues of normal prostate tissue, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: In this study, 38 samples of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were used. Among 38 samples; 20 patients were with prostatic adenocarcinoma, 18 patients were with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adjacent normal prostatic tissue areas. The immunolocalisation of apelin and apelin receptor in these tissues were determined immunohistochemically. Results: Apelin and apelin receptor expressions were higher in prostatic adenocarcinoma than normal prostate tissue and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Apelin receptor expression was also increased in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia compared to normal tissue. Conclusion: Apelin and apelin receptor are increase in the process of prostate carcinogenesis. This increase may adversely affect the clinical course of prostate cancer patients by stimulating angiogenesis, which is important for invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer.