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Öğe Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes(Pensoft Publishers, 2017) Uludağ, Ahmet; Aksoy, Necmi; Yazlık, Ayşe; Arslan, Zübeyde Filiz; Yazmış, Efecan; Üremiş, İlhan; Brundu, GiuseppeThe paper provides an updated checklist of the alien flora of Turkey with information on its structure. The alien flora of Turkey comprises 340 taxa, among which there are 321 angiosperms, 17 gymnosperms and two ferns. Of the total number of taxa, 228 (68%) are naturalized and 112 (32%) are casual. There are 275 neophytes (172 naturalized and 103 casual) and 61 archaeophytes (52 naturalized and 9 casual); four species could not be classified with respect to the residence time. In addition, 47 frequently planted taxa with a potential to escape are also listed. The richest families are Asteraceae (38 taxa), Poaceae (30), Fabaceae (23) and Solanaceae (22). As for the naturalized alien plants, the highest species richness is found in Asteraceae (31 taxa), Poaceae (22), Amaranthaceae (18) and Solanaceae (15). The majority of alien taxa are perennial (63.8% of the total number of taxa with this life history assigned, including those with multiple life histories), annuals contribute 33.8% and 2.4% are biennial aliens. Among perennials the most common life forms are phanerophytes, of which 20.3% are trees and 12.6% shrubs; woody vines, stem succulents, and aquatic plants are comparatively less represented. Most of the 340 alien taxa introduced to Turkey have their native ranges in Americas (44.7%) and Asia (27.6%). Of other regions, 9.1% originated in Africa, 4.4% in Eurasia, 3.8% in Australia and Oceania and 3.5% in the Mediterranean. The majority of taxa (71.9%) were introduced intentionally, whereas the remaining (28.1%) were introduced accidentally. Among the taxa introduced intentionally, the vast majority are ornamental plants (55.2%), 10.0% taxa were introduced for forestry and 6.7% as crops. Casual alien plants are most commonly found in urban and ruderal habitats (40.1%) where naturalized taxa are also often recorded (27.3%). Plants that occur as agricultural weeds are typically naturalized rather than casual (16.0% vs 7.1%, respectively). However, (semi) natural habitats in Turkey are often invaded by alien taxa, especially by those that are able to naturalize.Öğe Astragalus bartinense (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey(Univ Zagreb, Fac Science, Div Biology, 2020) Tunckol, Bilge; Ayta, Zeki; Aksoy, Necmi; Fisne, AhterAstragalus bartinense is described as a new species from Bartin Province in Northern Anatolia, Turkey. The new species is close to A. depressus L. and A. froedinii Murb., but distinctly differs from A. froedinii in having hairy fruit, long stipules (10-12 mm) and peduncle (10-25 mm). It also differs from A. depressus in having long stipules and a stipitate and glabrous ovary. Taxonomic descriptions, micromorphology of pollen and seed and geographical distribution are presented.Öğe Avrupa-Sibirya (Euro-Siberian) Flora Alanının Batı Karadeniz Alt Bölgesinde Bulunan Tıbbi Yabancı Ot Türleri(2020) Tembelo, Barış; Aksoy, Necmi; Arslan, Zübeyde FilizBitkilerin tedavide kullanımları insanlık tarihiyle birlikte başlamış olup, modern tıpta kullanılan pek çok ilaçbitkilerden elde edilmektedir. Bu araştırma, halk sağlığı başta olmak üzere tıbbi bitkiler ile ilgili çalışmalarakatkı sağlamak amacıyla, Düzce ilinde 2018-2019 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında bazı kaynaklaresas alınarak, ülkemizde ve Batı Karadeniz alt flora bölgesinde tarım ve tarım dışı alanlarda zararlı oldukları içinistenmeyen ancak tıbbi değeri olan yabancı ot türleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda ülkemizde ve BatıKaradeniz Bölgesinde bulunan tıbbi yabancı otların tüketilen kısımları, içerdiği tıbbi maddeler, tıbbi etkisi vekullanım alanları ile ilgili bilgiler sunulmuştur.Sonuç olarak, ülkemizdeki 84 tıbbi yabancı ot türünden 57 tanesinin Batı Karadeniz bölgesinde bulunduğu ve 18türün zehirli bitki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Daha çok Asteraceae ve Cyperaceae familyalarında yer alan bu türlertıbbi olarak en fazla üroloji, dermatoloji, dahiliye ve romatoloji alanlarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu yabancı otlarıntıbbi amaçlı kullanımlarında daha dikkatli olunması önerilmektedir.Öğe Bolu Gölcük’teki doğal ve egzotik sucul bitki türleri için risk yönetimi planı(2023) Aksoy, Necmi; Güneş Özkan, Neval; Koçer, Nihan; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Eroğlu, EnginBu çalışma Bolu Gölcük Gölü Tabiat Parkı için göl içerisinde bulunan istilacı ve yabancı türlerle ilgili eylem planının hazırlanması kapsamında yapılmıştır. Nisan-Ekim 2022 tarihleri arasında, göl içerisinde ve kıyı alanlarında floristik çalışmalar yürütülerek, gölün doğal ve yabancı bitki türleri ile bunların oluşturduğu toplumlar Braun-Blanquet yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları sonucunda göl içi ve kıyısında yayılış yapan 22 familya ve 38 cinse ait 47 takson ile sucul 3, kıyı-çamur vejetasyonunda 2 olmak üzere 5 bitki toplumu belirlenmiştir. Bu toplumlar içerisinde yayılış yaptığı belirlenen yabancı bitki türleri ve bu türlerden istilacı olma potansiyeline sahip olanlar ile ilgili risk yönetimi önerileri yapılmıştır.Öğe Centaurea yaltirikii sp nov (Asteraceae, C. sect. Pseudoseridia) from Turkey(Wiley, 2008) Aksoy, Necmi; Duman, Hayri; Efe, AsumanA new species of Centaurea L. (Asteraeeae) from Turkey is described and illustrated. Centaurea yaltirikii N. Aksoy, H. Duman & A. Efe sp. nov. (C. sect. Pseudoseridia Wagenitz) is restricted to the rocky slopes of Elmacik Dagi (A3: Duzce-Golyaka). It is morphologically most similar to C. drabifolioides Hub.-Mor. and C. cheirolepidoides Wagenitz, but differs in stem, leaves and phyllary appendange characters. The diagnostic morphological characters are discussed. The habitat and conservation status of the species are presented, and the geographical distribution of the new species and other related species is given.Öğe Centaurea yaltirikii subsp dumanii subsp nov (C. sect. Pseudoseridia, Asteraceae) in Marmara region of Turkey(Wfl Publ, 2010) Aksoy, Necmi; Ataşlar, Ebru; Efe, Asuman; Güneş, NevalA new subspecies of Centaurea yaltirikii N. Aksoy, H. Duman and A. Efe subsp. dumanii N. Aksoy and A. Efe (C. sect. Pseudoseridia Wagenitz, Asteraceae), is described and illustrated with diagnostic characters and taxonomic comments. The characteristics of the new subspecies are compared with those of the type subspecies from which it differs mainly in the hair of the leaves, stomata types, length and width of the pappus and surface of achene. In addition, the geographic distribution of the new subspecies is mapped.Öğe Centaurea yaltirikii subsp. dumanii subsp. nov. (C. sect. Pseudoseridia, Asteraceae) in Marmara region of Turkey(WFL Publisher Ltd., 2010) Aksoy, Necmi; Ataşlar, Ebru; Efe, Asuman; Güneş, NevalA new subspecies of Centaureayaltirikii N. Aksoy, H. Duman and A. Efe subsp. dumanii N. Aksoy and A. Efe (C sect. Pseudoseridia Wagenitz, Asteraceae), is described and illustrated with diagnostic characters and taxonomie comments. The characteristics of the new subspecies are compared with those of the type subspecies from which it differs mainly in the hair of the leaves, stomata types, length and width of the pappus and surface of achene. In addition, the geographic distribution of the new subspecies is mapped.Öğe Cephalaria duzceensis (Dipsacaceae), a new species from the western Black Sea region, Turkey(Wiley, 2007) Aksoy, Necmi; Göktürk, R. Süleyman; Açık, Leyla; Çelebi, AytenA new species, Cephalaria duzceensis N. Aksoy & R. S. Gokturk (Dipsacaceae) from western Black Sea region of Turkey is described. It is illustrated in line drawings and the morphology of the new species is compared with Cephalaria speciosa. Molecular and morphological methods were used to separate the two species. Both species were first identified morphologically and then studied by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Genetic similarities were calculated based on the RAPD data and used to construct a UPGMA dendrogram. According to the result, two main clusters were observed using the character differences. It is concluded that C duzceensis sp. nov. is different from C. speciosa.Öğe Chamaespartium Adans. (Leguminosae): a new record for the flora of Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2009) Efe, Asuman; Özhatay, Engin; Aksoy, Necmi; Oral, Dilek DemirChamaespartium sagittale (L.) P.E.Gibbs (Leguminosae) is a new record for the flora of Turkey with specimens collected from Yuvacik Dam (Kocaeli province, NW Turkey). Its description, distribution maps, and photos are given.Öğe Determination of some phenolics and fatty acid compounds from an endemic Cephalaria species in Anatolia along with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2023) Ergene, Burcin; Karaaslan, Melek; Ozler, Kamuran Ileri; Sarialtin, Sezen Yilmaz; Aksoy, Necmi; Iscan, Gulcin SaltanIn this study, HPLC analyses of total extract prepared with aqueous methanol, butanol fraction, and water fraction of Cephalaria duzceensis N.Aksoy & Gokturk (Caprifoliaceae), which is a local endemic species in Turkey, were conducted and contents of chlorogenic acid were calculated. The total antioxidant capacity, ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the total extract were determined to evaluate its antioxidant activity. Assessment of anti-inflammatory activity was done using human red blood cell membrane stabilization and protein denaturation inhibition activity tests In vitro, whereas carrageenan-induced hind paw edema test In vivo. Moreover, the fatty acid composition inside the fixed oil extracted from C. duzceensis seeds was determined by GC -MS. As the result of GC -MS analysis, linoleic and oleic acids were found to be the predominant fatty acids in the fixed oil. The total phenolic contents of the total extract and butanol fraction were determined as 63.4029 and 95.0131 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively. The chlorogenic acid amounts of the total extract, butanol, and water fractions were calculated as 3.7494%, 3.5335%, and 1.2354% by HPLC analysis. IC50 values of the total extract were calculated as 45.1385 mu g/ml against ABTS center dot+ and 28.6407 mu g/ml against DPPH center dot radicals and the total antioxidant capacity was 45.84 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry extract. IC50 values of the total extract were calculated as 1.4084 mg/ml for human red blood cell membrane stabilization and 1.8601 mg/ml for protein denaturation inhibition method showing its moderate activity. In vivo tests revealed that total extract caused almost as much inhibition on edema as 10 mg/kg diclofenac sodium.Öğe Determining plant species diversity of Scots pine stands in the Bolu Aladag region of Turkiye(Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales, 2023) Gurkan, Mustafa; Zengin, Hayati; Ozcan, Mehmet; Degermenci, Ahmet Salih; Aksoy, NecmiThis study aims to determine how plant diversity changes at the alpha and gamma levels depending on stand type. Also, it tries to understand how plant diversity changes temporally and with relation to aspects during a given vegetation period. Sample areas were selected from pure Scots Pine stands with full canopy cover (70 - 100 %) and in different development stages (a, b, c, d) spread out within the Bolu Aladag region of Turkiye. Field studies were carried out in 2016 from June-September. Sample stands were selected to cover two main aspects, north and south. The study was carried out by analyzing two repetitive and 10 quadrate samples in each stand. A total of 640 quadrate samples were analyzed, and the different plants were counted. In the study area, a total of 160 taxa were identified at the DUOF Herbarium. It was determined that while the stand type did not have a significant effect on taxon diversity, the effect of aspect and observation period was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Shannon index value was between 3.13 and 3.72 among the stands' different development stages, with the highest values found in the young stands. Diversity was higher on Northern aspects than Southern and rose and fell throughout the observation period with the highest values in June and August. Interestingly, while there was no significant effect of stand development stages on taxon diversity, a significant but low correlation has been found between stand diameter and evenness.Öğe Dianthus nezahatiae (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from the northwestern Turkey(Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 2022) Hamzaoğlu, Ergin; Kanoğlu, Salih Sercan; Aksoy, NecmiSome Dianthus specimens collected from Sakarya and Bolu Provinces (Turkey) provinces are proposed as a new species. Dianthus nezahatiae Hamzaoglu (Caryophyllaceae) is naturally distributed in subalpine meadow habitats between the altitude range of 1450 and 1620 m a.s.l. Dianthus nezahatiae is differed from D. akdaghensis Gemici et Leblebici in respect to its inner bracts are 1.7-2.1 mm wide, the apex of the epicalyx scales is attenuate- rounded, the petal collar is almost half of the claw width, and the capsule is longer than calyx. In this paper description of the species, comparison with its close taxon, photographs, the distribution map, and its habitat preference are given. © 2022 Sciendo. All rights reserved.Öğe The discovery of a rare mutation: Terminal megasporangiate strobili on Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in Aegean Region of Turkey(Wfl Publ, 2011) Aksoy, NecmiThe megasporangiate strobili mature by shoot apical meristems that were found on a terminal position on Turkish red pine tree (Pinus brutia Ten.) in Aegean region of Turkey. Brief history of morphology, habitat and ecology of this individual tree, its unexpected morphological characters and rare mutation causes have been discussed in this research.Öğe Distribution and conservation significance of endemic plants in the Düzce province(2011) Aksoy, Necmi; Uzun, OsmanWhen considering the conservation status of endemic plants, their traits must be taken in land use systems, since endemics population ranges and sizes, and durability of natural habitats. In this paper, we present the global assessment of the conservation status of the endemic plants from the Düzce province, by applying IUCN criteria and categories, together with the distribution patterns of these species according to land using and its threatened. Also, we focused on which endemic species is distributed and where the populations are more spread and threatened in planning by plotting them in land use maps of Düzce province. The recent studies of flora in Düzce province shows richness in endemic species by a local and regional flora researches which biological diversity is reflected on land use map. The endemic plant lists of Düzce, which were obtained in field studies conducted between 2003 and 2009 in Düzce province, were plotted on the maps produced by employing geographic information systems (GIS). Distribution in land use of determining endemic species, which were specified as critical, endangered and vulnerable endemic species among them, were shown on the land use maps. Eventually, the natural habitats for these species were specified as usage areas with land use and landscape management planning by planning them into conservation management. © 2011 Academic Journals.Öğe Diversity and ecology of forest communities in Kure Mountains National Park of Turkey(Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales, 2020) Tunckol, Bilge; Aksoy, Necmi; Coban, Suleyman; Zengin, HayatiThis study aimed at analyzing the diversity and ecological characteristics of forest associations (121 releves classified under eight associations) in Ktire Mountains National Park. Ordination analyses (DCA and CCA) and response curves were used to reveal ecological characteristics of vegetation using soil parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, sand, clay and dust content, soil moisture) and topographical variables (altitude, slope, potential direct incident radiation and heat load). Ecological conditions of communities were also tested using average Ellenberg indicator values (EIVs). Among forest associations, the highest species diversity was found in Phillyreo latifoliae-Pinetum brutiae and the lowest diversity in Hedero-Castanetum sativae, which had a dense Rhododendron ponticum shrub layer. However, Salicio-Platanet um orientale and Buxo sempervirens-Ccupinetum betuli had the highest beta diversity since they harbored unique species composition. Conditional effects of altitude, slope, pH and electrical conductivity, soil dust and sand content, sandy-loam and loam soil types presented significant contributions in species composition. While Carpino-Querretum petraeae was found on soil with high dust content having high pH and electrical conductivity values, Quercetum roburi-Aceretum campestri and Salicio-Platanettun orientale were related to soil with loam. Species responses to soil and topographical variables varied for most tree species. Light EIVs, which has a high positive correlation with potential direct incident radiation and heat load, related to Phillyreo latifoliae-Pinetum brutiae and Salicio-Platanetum orientale. Riverside forest communities diffixed from other communities in nutrient and humidity EIVs. However, EIVs did not show a good correlation with associated soil parameters such as soil moisture-humidity EIVs and soil pH-acidity EIVs.Öğe Effects of second housing and recreational use on Pancratium maritimum L. population in western Black Sea region of Turkey(Wfl Publ, 2010) Demir, Zeki; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Aksoy, Necmi; Aydın, Şükran Özkan; Uzun, Serir; Özkara, HüseyinAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of second housing development and heavy use recreational activities on sea daffodil (SD; Pancratium maritimum L.) distribution on western Black Sea coast line of Turkey. In 2005, to protect the SD populations 1 m height chicken wire-cages were placed on 20 m x 30 m areas in different parts of the shore. To compare the protected area (PA) with unprotected area (UA) 16 sampling areas were chosen along the coast line. Adjacent to each sampling plot a control plot from unprotected area was established. Additional data were collected from sampling plots established in four areas with different intensities of settlement. Data were utilized to relate the SD ground coverage, number of individuals and spikes per individual to the disturbance intensity. Three 1 m x 1 m quadrats were randomly placed on each plot. On each quadrat the ground coverage of SD and whole vegetation were determined with Braun-Blanquet. Then, the number of SD individuals and spikes of individuals were counted. Data indicated that there was no statistical difference between the PA and UA in vegetational ground coverage. However, the ratio of SD on these coverages was doubled in PA compared to the UA (P = 0.001). Analysis of the data collected from different locations in disturbed areas showed that intensity of disturbance has significant (P = 0.001) correlation with SD ground coverage (r(2)=0.45). The number of SD individuals (P = 0.001) and spikes per individual (P = 0.001) were significantly different between the PA and UA. SD individuals in UA were about 64% less than that of PA. Spike number per SD individual was also 66% lower in UA compared to PA. SD ground coverage was significantly (P = 0.001) related to number of individuals (r(2)=0.83). Settlement density made a significant effect on number of SD, number of spikes, SD ground coverage and whole plant ground coverage (P = 0.001). Analysis of data indicated that area usage type also made statistically significant differences on number of SD, number of spikes, SD ground coverage and whole plant ground coverage (P = 0.001). Results of the study indicate that SD populations are under threat because of intensive housing development and recreational usage in the coastal areas of Western Black Sea region of Turkey. Protection efforts revealed positive results in terms of SD survival and reproduction capacity in the coastal sand dunes.Öğe Forest communities and ecological differentiation of the Mt. Elmacik (Duzce, Turkey)(Triveni Enterprises, 2017) Aksoy, Necmi; Çoban, SüleymanAim : This research is based on vegetation elaboration of Elmacik Mountain in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey, which has a quite rich floristic and vegetation diversity. Methodology : Since varied ecological conditions cause a diverse vegetation in the region, vegetation environment relation was analyzed with multivariate statistical techniques. In the context of the study, syntaxonomical scheme of the region was introduced and ecological characteristics of the main forest types and vegetation data were analyzed using environmental variables and Ellenberg Indicator Values (EIVs) derived from species composition. Results : The forest vegetation was presented by 2 classes and 2 orders which contained 4 alliances and 11 associations. Constrained ordination revealed that the altitude is the most important factor affecting species composition (23.1 %), followed by soil depth (19.1 %). However, when conditional effects of variables are considered, forest cover (16.7 %) had the highest contribution following altitude (23.1 %). Hyperico calycini-Quercetum petraea had the highest species diversity because of one-storied and light penetrating leaf structure. However, Rhododenro pontici-Fagetum orientalis had the lowest species diversity due to a dense shrub cover consisting of Rhododendron ponticum. Average EIVs for continentality, soil nutrient and light were positively correlated with altitude and nutrient EIVs with soil depth, stand height and cover. Radiation index calculated from latitude, slope degree and aspect showed correlation with light and continentality EIVs. Interpretation : Altitudinal distribution of forest communities was mainly affected by exposure and soil conditions (soil depth, soil type) in the region. Species variation in each unit was well explained with the average EIVs, which were also supported with the measured environmental variables.Öğe The Impact of Recreational Use on Land Cover at Uludag National Park (Turkey)(Istanbul Univ-Cerrahpasa, 2021) Uzun, Serir; Cakir, Gunay; Yildiz, Oktay; Aksoy, Necmi; Sarginci, Murat; Toprak, Bulent; Muderrisoglu, HaldunThe intense pressure resulting from population growth and urbanization along with technology has created the need for utilizing natural areas for tourism and recreational purposes and has necessitated the protection, development, and planning of natural resources for people to benefit from. Due to the importance of determining temporal changes within the framework of the protection use balance, this study examined the changes occurring within the recreational areas of the Uludag National Park between the years 1970 and 2010 from human use. As a result of the recreational facilities offered to visitors, an average of 550 000 people benefits annually from the area, which was designated as a national park in 1961. The study included the camping and picnic sites of Sarialan, cobankaya, Kirazliyayla and Karabelen situated within the park and the ski site of the first development zone. High-resolution satellite images and aerial photographs of the areas at different dates were employed. The temporal changes in the selected areas were analyzed by digital image processing with the help of the geographic information system. Upon examining the impact of the recreational use changes occurring on the land cover, it was revealed that building areas had increased by 15 ha (2.57%), road areas by 21 ha (7.89%), and bare land areas by 67 ha (.53%), while the meadowland areas had decreased by 223 ha (119.37%). The forested areas had increased by 78 ha (48.93%), woodland areas by 79 ha (59.37%) and were not adversely affected, mainly due to the protection status of the park.Öğe Küre Dağları Milli Parkı'nın Florası (Kastamonu Bölümü)(2022) Aksoy, Necmi; Yaşayacak, Hasan; Tunçkol, BilgeBu çalışma Küre Dağları Milli Parkı’nın Kastamonu Bölümündeki florayı ortaya çıkararak alandaki bitki çeşitliliğinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında tespit edilen bitkiler APG IV sistemine göre sınıflandırılmış, endemik türlerin uluslararası IUCN tehlike kategorilerine de yer verilmiştir. 2019-2021 yılları arasında yapılan 55 arazi çalışmasında 2240 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Toplanan örneklerin teşhis edilmesiyle 100 familya, 474 cinse ait 990 taksonun alanda yayılış yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Bu taksonların 49’u endemik olup, çalışma alanında tespit edilen biri dünya için yeni endemik takson, diğeri Türkiye florası için yeni bir kayıt olmak üzere iki taksonun sistematiği yapılarak ülkemiz florasına katılması sağlanmıştır. Araştırma alanında en fazla takson içeren familyalar, Asteraceae 113, Fabaceae 83, Lamiaceae 52, Apiaceae 52, ve Poaceae 51 dir. Araştırma alanından toplanan taksonların Raunkiaer’in yaşam biçimlerine göre Fanerofit 96, Kamafit 29, Hemikriptofit 517, Kriptofit 117, Terofit 231’dir.Öğe A new invasive neophyte Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H.St.John for the flora of Türkiye(Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre-Reabic, 2024) Ozkan, Neval Gunes; Kocer, Nihan; Aksoy, NecmiA new locality of Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H.St.John (Hydrocharitaceae), native to North America, has been recorded for the first time in G & ouml;ksu Nature Park (Bolu/T & uuml;rkiye). Elodea nuttallii is a potentially invasive macrophyte and often confused with Elodea canadensis Michaux, whose existence was previously known in T & uuml;rkiye. The description, distribution map, notes about the habitat of Elodea nuttallii, and the morphological differences between the two taxa are given in this article.
