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    COMPETITIVE BALANCE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN FOOTBALL (EXAMPLE OF 2018-2019 SEASON)
    (2020) Görün, Levent; Aksoy, Emre
    When competitive equilibrium is defined as the power of teams to fight against each other,determining the power equilibrium of teams in any league is important for the quality andpopularity of that league. Football is one of the most popular sports branches. The continuation ofthe attraction of football and its increasing visibility is directly related to the uncertainty of thematch results. This study aims to determine the competitive balanceequilibrium level of theleading leagues of European football leagues. These are the Sport Toto Super League (Turkey),Bundesliga (Germany), La Liga (Spain), Ligue 1 (France) Premier League (England), Eredivisie(Netherlands), Premier League (Portugal) and Seria A (Italy). The data required to achieve this goaland measure the competitive balance level of the leagues were obtained by using the scanningmodel and document analysis method. The data were taken from the mackolik site, which includesmany branches of world sports and especially the statistical information of many internationalleagues in football. This study has a descriptive research model. In order to measure thecompetitive equilibrium level of these leagues, scanning model was used and document analysismethod was used. In the document analysis, C5 index, Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient were usedto measure competitive equilibrium by using the 2018-2019 seasonal tables. As a result of theresearch, the league closest to the competitive equilibrium according to C5 index and Gini valuesis the Sport Toto Super League (Turkey) (0.31) among the leagues with 18 teams, followed byBundesliga (Germany) (0.45), Eredivisie (Netherlands) (0.46), and Premier League (Portugal) (0.48).In the leagues with 20 teams, the most competitive league was La Liga (Spain) (0.34), Ligue 1(France) (0.35), Seria A (Italy) (0.36) and Premier League (England) (0.38). According to theseresults, a course away from competitive equilibrium has emerged in the biggest leagues of Europe.
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    Genes involved in mRNA surveillance are induced in Brachypodium distachyon under cadmium toxicity
    (Springer, 2021) Aksoy, Emre; Uncu, Ali Tevfik; Filiz, Ertugrul; Orman, Sule; Cetin, Durmus; Akbudak, M. Aydin
    Background Cd accumulation in plant cells results in dramatic problems including oxidative stress and inhibition of vital enzymes. It also affects mineral uptakes by disrupting membrane permeability. Interaction among Cd and other plant nutrient elements changes the nutritional contents of crops and reduces their yield. Methods and results In the present study, Cd stress in Brachypodium distachyon led to the upregulation of some heavy metal transport genes (influx or efflux) encoding cation-efflux proteins, heavy metal-associated proteins and NRAMP proteins. The Arabidopsis orthologs of the differentially expressed B. distachyon genes (DEGs) under Cd toxicity were identified, which exhibited Bradi4g26905 was an ortholog of AtALY1-2. Detailed co-expression network and gene ontology analyses found the potential involvement of the mRNA surveillance pathway in Cd tolerance in B. distachyon. These genes were shown to be downregulated by sulfur (S) deficiency. Conclusions This is the first transcriptomic study investigating the effect of Cd toxicity in B. distachyon, a model plant for genomic studies in Poaceae (Gramineae) species. The results are expected to provide valuable information for more comprehensive research related to heavy metal toxicity in plants.
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    An Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Participation of the Audience to the Match (The Case of Duzce Province)
    (Int Journal Applied Exercise Physiology, 2020) Gorun, Levent; Semsek, Onder; Aksoy, Emre
    Football's revenues have increased as a result of the distancing from the amateur spirit and becoming an industry. Examining the behaviours and expectations of the audience, which is one of the factors that provide these revenues, has gained importance. In this respect, this research aims to reveal the factors affecting the participation of the spectators who attended Duzcespor matches in 2019-2020 according to some variables. In order to realize this aim, personal information form developed by the researcher and the Audience Participation Decision Scale (APDS) developed by Gencer and Aycan (2008) were applied to a total of 1074 spectators selected by the random method. The scale consists of six subscales: Physical Environment, Opponent Team, Supported Team, Eligibility of the Program, Attraction of the Match and Socialization Opportunity. The normal distribution of the data was checked first and then the Kruskal-Wallis Test was used for comparing the data that did not show normal distribution, and the Maim Whitney U Test was used for comparing three or more groups. According to the results obtained, there is a statistically significant difference in the Opponent Team and Supported Team subscales according to the gender variable, in the Physical Environment, Supported Team and the Eligibility of the Program subscales according to the Combined Ticket Ownership variable, in the Supported Team subscale according to the Marital Status variable, in the Supported Team and Socialization Opportunity subscales according to the Participation in the Away Game variable, and in the Physical Environment subscale according to the Income Level and Education Level variables, all of which affect the participation of the audience in the match. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that there are many factors affecting the participation of the audience and this situation should be investigated in more depth.