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    Caffeine Habituation, not CYP1A2 Genotype, Modulates the Acute Effect of Caffeine on Exercise-Induced Hemostatic Responses in Adults with Obesity
    (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2025) Sajedi, Heidar; Aydin, Elif; Keskin, Ozlem; Ercis, Sertaç; Akpinar, Selahattin; Khodadadi, Davar
    Purpose This study aimed to investigate how genotype and caffeine habituation influence the acute effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise-induced hemostatic responses in individuals with obesity. Methods Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 40 physically inactive young men with obesity (age, 22.2 ± 2.3 years; BMI, 34.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2) completed two moderate-to-high-intensity concurrent exercise sessions following ingestion of caffeine (3 mg/kg) or placebo. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after exercise, and after 60 minutes of recovery. Statistical analysis was performed by repeated measures MANOVA. Results Acute exercise increased platelet count and aggregation, fibrinogen, F1 + 2, tPA antigen, D-dimer, and clot lysis time, regardless of genotype or caffeine habituation status (P < 0.05). PAI-1 antigen remained unchanged after exercise (P > 0.05) but decreased following recovery (P < 0.01). Caffeine resulted in a greater increase in platelet aggregation, fibrinogen, F1 + 2, and clot lysis time, alongside a blunted increase in tPA antigen levels post-exercise in naïve consumers (P < 0.05). In contrast, habitual caffeine consumers exhibited a mitigated increase in clot lysis time and a greater post-recovery reduction in PAI-1 antigen following caffeine ingestion (P < 0.001). Caffeine's impact on hemostatic responses to exercise was unaffected by genotype (P > 0.05). Conclusions Moderate-to-high-intensity concurrent exercise induces a transient prothrombotic state in physically inactive individuals with obesity. Acute caffeine supplementation at a moderate dose modulates the hemostatic responses depending on caffeine habituation status rather than CYP1A2 genotype: it exacerbates the prothrombotic response in naïve consumers but attenuates it in habitual consumers. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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    Development and Validation of Sport Law Knowledge Test
    (Pamukkale University, 2025) Uğur, Oruc Ali; Tunç, Alparslan Aziz; Çolakoglu, Tekin; Akpinar, Selahattin; Tabak, Ekrem Yasin; Devri̇Lmez, Erhan
    This study aims to develop a valid and reliable Sport Law Knowledge Test for preservice sport management students. The test was prepared by a panel including two professors having expertise on curriculum development, two university instructors lecturing sport law course and a Turkish language expert. Panel discussed and prepared 25 multiple-choice questions. Participants were 205 (122 male and 83 female) preservice sport management students who had successfully completed sport law course. Rasch modeling was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Sport Law Knowledge Test. Results showed that all test items demonstrated high internal consistency and reliability for both test items and person attended this study. The wright map showed that items demonstrated the cumulative norm. Overall analysis showed good evidence to support the validity and reliability of Sport Law Knowledge Test. Developed test can be used for measuring sport law knowledge level of preservice sport management students. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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    The unbreakable chain: the cycle of social inequality - violence, poverty and education
    (Springernature, 2025) Varlik, Savas; Akpinar, Selahattin; Akpinar, Oznur; Gorunu, Recep Mehmet
    This research aims to make a scientific contribution toward a better understanding of the complex link between violence, poverty, and education. The main rationale for the research is that the dynamics between these three elements are mostly handled independently in the existing literature. In the literature, studies on issues such as poverty, violence, and lack of access to education have generally focused on a single perspective or variable, and a comprehensive approach has not been presented on how these factors are related to each other, what consequences this relationship has at the social level and how this cycle can be broken. This lack of knowledge creates an important gap in understanding how socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and communities are affected by this cycle and in developing solutions that can break this cycle. To fill this gap, this study aims to understand the cyclical link among violence, poverty, and education, which are the main elements of social inequality. In line with this purpose, this study adopts a qualitative case design and analyses the effects of these problems on individuals in depth. The main feature that distinguishes this research from other research is that this research was created by interviewing experts from all over the world. Experts from Europe, Asia, North America, and Africa were interviewed in-depth to clarify the problem. The research has shown that education plays a critical role in solving poverty, violence, and social inequalities as well as individual development. The importance of psychological and social support systems in this process is necessary to overcome structural barriers in education. While raising awareness of human rights is seen as a fundamental step in ensuring social equality, it is concluded that educational policies should also include psychological health, economic opportunities, and social values. In line with these results, suggestions for research and researchers have been developed.