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    Acute Effects of Red Bull Energy Drinks on Atrial Electromechanical Function in Healthy Young Adults
    (Excerpta Medica Inc-Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Ozde, Cem; Kaya, Adnan; Akbudak, Ismail Hakki; Akture, Gulsah; Kayapinar, Osman
    Energy drinks (EDs) are widely consumed by adolescents and young adults. Almost all kinds of arrhythmias have been reported following EDs consumption, most of which is atrial fibrillation (AF). Atrial conduction time prolongation and heterogeneous sinusal impulses propagation to the atriums are the key electrophysiological mechanisms leading AF. We aimed to evaluate the acute effects of Red Bull ED ingestion on atrial electromechanical conduction times in healthy young adults. After a 12-hour fasting, 54 healthy young adults consumed 330 mL of Red Bull ED. Atrial electromechanical coupling (PA), intra-atrial electromechanical delay (intra-AEMD), and interatrial electromechanical delay (inter-AEMD) were measured at baseline and 2-hour after Red Bull ED ingestion by echocardiographic tissue-Doppler imaging (TDI) method. PA-lateral (49.7 +/- 11.2 vs 54.1 +/- 11.0 msn, p = 0.001) and PA-septal (40.8 +/- 9.1 vs 43.7 +/- 10.5 msn, p = 0.032) times were statistically significantly prolonged after Red Bull ED ingestion. There was also a statistically significant increase in the duration of inter-AEMD (14.4 +/- 10.6 vs 18.1 +/- 8.5 msn, p = 0.010) after ED ingestion. It was showed that even a single can of ED can acutely increase atrial electromechanical conduction times in young adults. These findings may be the cause of ED-associated AF. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Clinical Outcomes and Independent Risk Factors for 90-Day Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Respiratory Failure Infected with SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Study in Turkish Intensive Care Units
    (Aves, 2021) Gundogan, Kursat; Akbudak, Ismail Hakki; Hanci, Pervin; Halacli, Burcin; Temel, Sahin; Gullu, Zuhal; Yuksel, Recep Civan
    Background: There are limited data on the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 from different parts of the world. Aims: To determine risk factors of 90-day mortality in critically ill patients in Turkish intensive care units (ICUs), with respiratory failure. Study design: Retrospective, observational cohort. Methods: Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and who had been followed up in the ICUs with respiratory failure for more than 24 hours were included in the study. Their demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, treatment protocols, and survival data were recorded. Results: A total of 421 patients were included. The median age was 67 (IQR: 57-76) years, and 251 patients (59.6%) were men. The 90-day mortality rate was 55.1%. The factors independently associated with 90-day mortality were invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (HR 4.09 [95% CI: [2.20-7.63], P<.001), lactate level >2 mmol/L (2.78 [1.93-4.01], P<.001), age >= 60 years (2.45 [1.48-4.06)], P<.001), cardiac arrhythmia during ICU stay (2.01 [1.27-3.20], P=.003), vasopressor treatment (1.94 [1.32-2.84], P=.001), positive fluid balance of >= 600 mL/day (1.68 [1.21-2.34], P=.002), PaO2/FiO(2) ratio of <= 150 mmHg (1.66 [1.18-2.32], P=.003), and ECOG score >= 1 (1.42 [1.00-2.02], P=.050). Conclusion: Long-term mortality was high in critically ill patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care units in Turkey. Invasive mechanical ventilation, lactate level, age, cardiac arrhythmia, vasopressor therapy, positive fluid balance, severe hypoxemia and ECOG score were the independent risk factors for 90-day mortality.