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    Approach to Chronic Cough in Children
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2024) Tüsüz Önata, Ece; Dikici, Ümmügülsüm; Özdemir, Öner
    Cough is a very common complaint in children and can cause serious anxiety in families. Especially in the winter months, cough is a major reason for visits to physicians. There are many causes of cough, ranging from a simple upper respiratory tract infection to foreign body aspiration requiring emergency surgical intervention. Chronic cough is defined as a persistent and unremitting cough lasting longer than 4 weeks according to the ACCP (American College of Chest Physicians) guidelines and longer than 8 weeks according to the BTS (British Thoracic Society) guidelines. In the approach to chronic cough, a detailed history and a systematic physical examination are the cornerstones of the diagnosis. All patients should be evaluated with chest radiography and pulmonary function test if available, and in the presence of specific findings, investigations and treatment should be planned for the cause. In the absence of a specific cause, careful follow up and periodic evaluation are the current recommendations. This review summarizes the approach to children with chronic cough in light of current knowledge.
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    Convalescent (Immune) Plasma Followed by Intravenous Immunoglobulin Infusion in an Adolescent with Severe COVID-19
    (2021) Elmas, Bahri; Sütlüoğlu, Hüseyin; Dönmez, Mehmet Cemal; Özdemir, Öner
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drawn attention over old immunotherapeutic agents such as convalescent (immune) plasma (CIP). Here, an adolescent with severe COVID-19 case requiring CIP and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatments is described. A 17-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency room with complaints of fever, fatigue, and severe cough. Two doses of CIP were infused to the patient because of the increase in persisting fever, dyspnea, and acute phase reactant levels after the third day of routine protocol treatment. IVIG therapy was begun for 2 days at a dose of 1 g/kg/day due to resurgence in acute phase reactants and progressing radiological findings following CIP transfusion. Our patient avoided mechanical ventilation and showed immediate clinical and radiological improvement with CIP transfusion followed by IVIG therapy. Timely initiation of CIP treatment followed by IVIG prevented the disease from worsening and helped to reduce the requirement for mechanical ventilation.
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    Potential Immunological Treatments in COVID-19 Patients
    (2021) Özdemir, Öner; Engin, Muhammet Mesut Nezir
    December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection in human was named as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). It has now infected more than 69 million people worldwide, becoming anepidemic responsible for more than 1,5 million deaths until 10th of December 2020. Theepidemic still continues. This epidemic is the third epidemic caused by coronaviruses in the21st century and may be the most important infectious disease representing a major publichealth threat to the whole world. Treatments against COVID-19 are constantly updated in theliterature, based on evidence. Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure for COVID-19, and anumber of drugs for use in severe cases of COVID-19 are now being studied in a number ofnonrandomized or randomized trials. These include chloroquine, steroids, anti-inflammatory,and antiviral agents. Immunological treatments such as convalescent plasma, intravenousimmunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies (tocilizumab, eculizumab, itolizumab etc.), andanakinra treatments are tried in COVID-19 disease. Results from some trials look promising.Quite a few reports have also stood published so far on the use of immunological treatmentsfor COVID-19 cases. In this review, we will discuss the key immunological treatments, mostlymentioned in the current literature, used in COVID-19 patients in detail.
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    Wiskott Aldrich Sendromu: Kısa Derleme
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2023) Dikici, Ümmügülsüm; Özdemir, Öner
    Wiskott Aldrich Sendromu (WAS) X’e bağlı resesif kalıtılan, nadir görülen genetik bir hastalıktır. WAS proteini (WASp) genindeki mutasyondan kaynaklanmaktadır. WAS proteini aktin hücre iskeleti organizasyonu ve sinyalizasyonunda rol oynar, bunun yanında bağışıklık sistemi hücrelerinin işlevlerinde kritik bir rol sahibidir. Hastalığın karakteristik klinik triadı mikrotrombositopeni, egzama ve immun yetmezliktir. Hastaların kliniği WASP mutasyonunun tipine göre şiddetli fenotipten (klasik WAS) daha hafif olanlara (X'e bağlı trombositopeni (XLT) ve X'e bağlı nötropeni) kadar değişiklik göstermektedir. WAS hastalarında bakteriyal, fungal ve viral enfeksiyonlara yatkınlıkla beraber, otoimmun hastalık (otoimmun hemolitik anemi, vaskülit, inflamatuar barsak hastalığı) ve malignite (özellikle lenfoma) riski artmıştır. WAS hastalarında tedavi yönetimi, klinik fenotipe göre bireyselleştirilmelidir. Enfeksiyonlara yönelik profilaktik antibiyoterapi ve intravenöz immünoglobulin replasman tedavisi uygulanmaktadır. Allojenik hematopoietik kök hücre nakli ise WAS'lı hastalar için altta yatan immün yetmezlik ve trombositopeninin düzeltilmesini sağlayan altın standart tedavidir. Son zamanlarda hematopoietik kök hücre gen tedavisi de potansiyel terapötik strateji olarak gündeme gelmiştir. Otolog gen tedavisi, allojenik kök hücre nakli için donörü olmayan hastalara umut verici bir alternatif olarak görünmektedir.