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Öğe 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposure affects qualitative and quantitative features of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the adult female rat(Elsevier Science Bv, 2009) Baş, Orhan; Odacı, Ersan; Kaplan, Süleyman; Acer, Niyazi; Üçok, Kağan; Çolakoğlu, SerdarThe effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by mobile phones on humans hold special interest due to their use in close proximity to the brain. The current study investigated the number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis (CA) of the 16-week-old female rat hippocampus following postnatal exposure to a 900 megahertz (MHz) EMF. In this study were three groups of 6 rats: control (Cont), sham exposed (Sham), and EMF exposed (EMF). EMF group rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF (1 h/day for 28 days) in an exposure tube. Sham group was placed in the exposure tube but not exposed to EMF (1 h/day for 28 days). Cont group was not placed into the exposure tube nor were they exposed to EMF during the study period. In EMF group rats, the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) varied between 0.016 (whole body) and 2 W/kg (locally in the head). All of the rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and the number of pyramidal cells in the CA was estimated using the optical firactionator technique. Histopathological evaluations were made on sections of the CA region of the hippocampus. Results showed that postnatal EMF exposure caused a significant decrease of the pyramidal cell number in the CA of the EMF group (P < 0.05). Additionally, cell loss can be seen in the CA region of EMF group even at qualitative observation. These results may encourage researchers to evaluate the chronic effects of 900 MHz EMF on teenagers' brains. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Acute intoxication cases admitted to the emergency department of a university hospital(Zhejiang Univ Sch Medicine, 2015) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Yılmaz, Aylin; Sarıtaş, Ayhan; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Baltacı, Davut; Kandiş, Hayati; Kara, İsmail HamdiBACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the clinical and socio-demographic aspects of acute poisoning in 2010 in Duzce City, Northwest Anatolian Region of Turkey. METHODS: Acute poisoning was due to the intentional ingestion of drugs in young and adult people (>= 16), who were treated at the Emergency Service of Duzce University Medical Hospital, Turkey from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. In this retrospective and descriptive study, 95 patients were diagnosed with intoxications and 30 of them intentionally ingested drugs to commit suicide. Records of the patients diagnosed with intoxication were obtained from the Clinical Archive of the hospital. Their diagnoses were established according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Codes X60-X84 of this classification were used to classify self-infringed drug injuries and drug poisoning. RESULTS: In this series, 35 (36.8%) patients were male and 60 patients (63.2%) female. The male/female ratio was 1.0/1.7. The mean age of the patients was 33.1 +/- 14.2 years; 17 (17.9%) patients were below 20 years old and 9 (9.5%) were older than 50 years. Of these patients, 29 (30.5%) were single, 7 (7.4%) divorced or separated, and 59 (62.1%) married. Their mean time for admission to the emergency service after the incident was 208 +/- 180 (15-660) minutes. The mean time for admission to the emergency service for patients with food intoxication after the incident was 142 +/- 160 minutes, for those with drug intoxication 173 +/- 161 minutes, for those with carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication 315 +/- 209 minutes, and for those with undefined intoxication 289 +/- 166 minutes (P=0.005). Most of the intoxication cases occurred in winter (41.1%, 39 of 95 patients). Admissions to the emergency service were most common in December and April (21 and 16 of 95 patients, respectively). Sixty-five (68.4%) cases were involved in non-deliberate poisoning, whereas 30 (31.6%) were involved in deliberate poisoning. Twenty-six of the 95 patients with acute poisonings had mortality risk at admission, however only one died from CO intoxication in the emergency service (1.1%). Suicide attempts were more common in females than in males (21 of 30 patients, 70%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In Duzce City of Turkey, most intoxication cases occurred in winter, especially in December. They had non-deliberate poisoning, but deliberate poisoning in suicide attempts was more common in females than in males.Öğe Adverse effects in lumbar spinal cord morphology and tissue biochemistry in Sprague Dawley male rats following exposure to a continuous 1-h a day 900-MHz electromagnetic field throughout adolescence(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Kerimoğlu, Gökçen; Aslan, Ali; Baş, Orhan; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Odacı, ErsanCell phones, an indispensable element of daily life, are today used at almost addictive levels by adolescents. Adolescents are therefore becoming increasingly exposed to the effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by cell phones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure to a 900-MHz EMF throughout adolescence on the lumbar spinal cord using histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley (28.3-43.9 g) aged 21 days were included in the study. These were divided equally into three groups control (CG), sham (SG) and electromagnetic (ELMAG). No procedure was performed on the CG rats until the end of the study. SG and ELMAG rats were kept inside an EMF cage (EMFC) for 1 h a day every day at the same time between postnatal days 22 and 60. During this time, ELMAG rats were exposed to the effect of a 900-MHz EMF, while the SG rats were kept in the EMFC without being exposed to EMF. At the end of the study, the lumbar regions of the spinal cords of all rats in all groups were extracted. Half of each extracted tissue was stored at -80 degrees C for biochemical analysis, while the other half was used for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. In terms of histopathology, a lumbar spinal cord with normal morphology was observed in the other groups, while morphological irregularity in gray matter, increased vacuolization and infiltration of white matter into gray matter were pronounced in the ELMAG rats. The cytoplasm of some neurons in the gray matter was shrunken and stained dark, and vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasms. The apoptotic index of glia cells and neurons were significantly higher in ELMAG compared to the other groups. Biochemical analysis revealed a significantly increased MDA value in ELMAG compared to CG, while SOD and GSH levels decreased significantly. In conclusion, our study results suggest that continuous exposure to a 900-MHz EMF for 1 h a day through all stages of adolescence can result in impairments at both morphological and biochemical levels in the lumbar region spinal cords of Sprague Dawley rats. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Alterations of thymic morphology and antioxidant biomarkers in 60-day-old male rats following exposure to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field during adolescence(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Kulaber, Ali; Kerimoğlu, Gökçen; Ersöz, Şafak; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Odacı, ErsanWe investigated changes in thymic tissue of male rats exposed to a 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) on postnatal days 22-59. Three groups of six 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated as: control (CG), sham (SG) and EMF (EMFG) groups. No procedure was performed on the CG rats. SG rats were placed in a Plexiglas cage for 1 h every day between postnatal days 22 and 59 without exposure to EMF. EMFG rats were placed in the same cage for the same periods as the SG rats and were exposed to 900 MHz EMF. Rats were sacrificed on postnatal day 60. Sections of thymus were stained for histological assessment. Oxidant/antioxidant parameters were investigated biochemically. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in EMFG increased compared to the other groups. Extravascular erythrocytes were observed in the medullary/corticomedullary regions in EMFG sections. We found that 900 MHz EMF applied for 1 h/day on postnatal days 22-59 can increase tissue MDA and histopathological changes in male rat thymic tissue.Öğe Amatoxin and phallotoxin concentration in Amanita phalloides spores and tissues(Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Karahan, Selim; Bayram, Recep; Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Sarıtaş, AyhanMost of the fatal cases of mushroom poisoning are caused by Amanita phalloides. The amount of toxin in mushroom varies according to climate and environmental conditions. The aim of this study is to measure -, -, and -amanitin with phalloidin and phallacidin toxin concentrations. Six pieces of A. phalloides mushrooms were gathered from a wooded area of Duzce, Turkey, on November 23, 2011. The mushrooms were broken into pieces as spores, mycelium, pileus, gills, stipe, and volva. -, -, and -Amanitin with phalloidin and phallacidin were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. As a mobile phase, 50 mM ammonium acetate + acetonitrile (90 + 10, v/v) was used with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. C18 reverse phase column (150 x 4.6 mm; 5 mu m particle) was used. The least amount of -amanitin toxins was found at the mycelium. The other toxins found to be in the least amount turned out to be the ones at the spores. The maximum amounts of amatoxins and phallotoxin were found at gills and pileus, respectively. In this study, the amount of toxin in the spores of A. phalloides was published for the first time, and this study is pioneering to deal with the amount of toxin in mushrooms grown in Turkey.Öğe Apoptozis Hakkında Bilinenler (Literatür Taraması)(2012) Eröz, Recep; Karataş, Ahmet; Alkoç, Ozan Alper; Baltacı, Davut; Oktay, Murat; Çolakoğlu, SerdarCanlı organizmalarda organogenezisten, çeşitli hastalıklara kadar birçok mekanizmada rol alan apoptozis, en çok dikkat çeken ve üzerinde çok sayıda araştırmaların yapıldığı bilinmesi gereken önemli bir mekanizmadır. Biz bu derlemede apoptozis ile ilgili bilinenleri okuyuculara sunmaya çalıştık.Öğe Are there any effects of chronic carbon monoxide exposure on argyrophilic nucleolar-organizing region-associated protein synthesis in rat myocardium?(Sage Publications Ltd, 2016) Sarıtaş, A.; Güneş, Harun; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Eröz, Recep; Aköz, Ayhan; Oktay, Murat; Özkan, A.The aims of the study are to detect whether there are any possible effects of chronic carbon monoxide (CO) exposure on the argyrophilic nucleolar-organizing region (AgNOR)-associated protein synthesis and evaluate any possible relationship between the amount of AgNOR protein and the level of myocardial injury also and between AgNOR and histopathological evaluation methods. Adult male albino Wistar rats (n = 18) were randomly divided into three groups (groups A, B, and C). Group A served as control, while groups B and C were rats exposed to CO gas chrbnically (1000 and 3000 ppm CO concentration with a flow rate of 4 L/min for 30 min/day for 7 days, respectively). Total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TAA/NA) and the mean AgNOR numbers for each myocyte nucleus were determined. There were significant differences among all groups for TAA/NA ratio. These differences were not significant for mean AgNOR numbers. According to the histopathological evaluation scores, there were significant differences between the groups. The differences were significant among the groups for loss of sarcomere pattern. A strong positive correlation between histopathological injury scores and TAA/NA ratio was found (R-sq = 0.48; p = 0.002), however, the correlation was not significant for mean AgNOR numbers (R-sq = 0.08; p = 0.25). In conclusion, TAA/NA ratio can be used as an indicator for obtaining information about the level of myocardial damage instead of histopathological evaluation scores.Öğe Can argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region-associated protein amount be used for the detection of cardiac damage?(Sage Publications Ltd, 2016) Kandiş, Hayati; Afacan, Mustafa Ahmet; Eröz, Recep; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Bayramoğlu, Ayşegül; Oktay, MuratIntroduction: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, nonirritant gas and CO poisoning affects all organ systems. Aim: We aimed to detect any possible effects of CO exposure on the argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR)-associated protein synthesis of heart cells and whether there is any relationship between AgNOR protein amount and both carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level and histopathological evaluation methods used for the detection of damage in heart tissue after CO exposure. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into four groups (control, 1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm), each containing six rats. After CO intoxication, COHb levels were measured and the animals were killed on the 7th day. AgNOR staining was performed in the heart tissue. One hundred nuclei per rat were evaluated, and total AgNOR area/nuclear area and mean AgNOR number were analyzed for each nucleus. The CO exposure groups had significantly higher AgNOR values than the control group (p < 0.0001). According to cardiomyopathy (CMY) scoring methods, the differences between groups 3 and 4 and groups 1 and 2 were significant (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation between AgNOR values and both CMY and COHb levels were detected. Conclusion: The detection of AgNOR protein amount may give information about the CMY levels and be used to detect the CO intoxication levels instead of COHb in later periods.Öğe Clinical importance of toxin concentration in Amanita verna mushroom(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Yılmaz, İsmail; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Sinirlioğlu, Zeynep Aydın; Bayram, Recep; Sürmen, Mustafa Gani; Çolakoğlu, SerdarPoisoning from Amanita group of mushrooms comprises approximately 3% of all poisonings in our country and their being responsible for nearly the entire fatal mushroom poisonings makes them important. These mushrooms contain primarily two types of toxins, amatoxins and phallotoxins. Phallotoxins have a more limited toxicity potential and they primarily consist of phalloidin (PHN) and phallacidin (PCN). Amatoxins, on the other hand, are very toxic and they primarily consist of alpha-amanitin (AA), beta-amanitin (BA) and gamma-amanitin (GM. Toxin levels can vary among various species, even among varieties of the same species, of Amanita mushroom family. Revealing the differences between the toxin compositions of the Amanita species that grow in our region may contribute to the clinics of poisonings. Our study aims at showing in detail the toxin levels in various parts of Amanita verna mushroom. A. verna mushrooms needed for toxin analysis were collected from Kozak Plateau near Ayvalik county of Balikesir, Turkey in April 2013. The mushrooms were divided into their parts as pileus, gills, stripe and volva. Following the procedures required before the analysis, the AA, BA, GA, PHN and PCN levels were measured using the RP-HPLC method. While the lowest level of amatoxin was in the volva of the mushroom, the highest was measured in the gills. This was followed by pileus and stripe where the levels were close to each other. Similarly, the highest level of phallotoxin was measured in the gills. Gamma toxin and phalloidin were at lower amounts than the other toxins. A. verna is frequently confused with edible mushrooms with white caps due to its macroscopic similarity. If just one of them is eaten by mistake by an adult person with no mushroom experience, it can easily poison them. The amount of amatoxin is more as compared to Amanita phalloides and A. phalloides var. alba. Particularly, the AA and BA levels are approximately three times higher, whereas GA levels are lower. Similarly, the level of PCN is approximately four times higher as compared to A. phalloides and A. phalloides var. alba; by contrast, the level of PNH is about a half of theirs. In summary, it can be said that A. verna is a more toxic mushroom than A. phalloides and has a higher rate of mortality. With our study, the amatoxin and phallotoxin concentrations and distribution in A. verna mushrooms were shown in detail for the first time and it would be useful to carry out more similar studies with other members of Amanita family growing in various parts of the world. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Continuous 900-megahertz electromagnetic field applied in middle and late-adolescence causes qualitative and quantitative changes in the ovarian morphology, tissue and blood biochemistry of the rat(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Okatan, Derya Öztürk; Kaya, Haydar; Aliyazıcıoğlu, Yüksel; Demir, Selim; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Odacı, ErsanPurpose: The purpose of this study was to use histological and biochemical methods in order to evaluate changes taking place in the ovarian of rats exposed to the effect of a 900-megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) in middle and late adolescence. Materials and methods: Twenty-four 34-d-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned equally to control, sham and EMF groups. EMF group rats were exposed to the effect of a 900-MHz EMF for 1 h a day, at the same time every day between postnatal days 35 and 59, while inside an EMF cage. Sham group rats were kept inside the EMF cage for the same time between postnatal days 35 and 59 without being exposed to any EMF effect. At the end of the study, rats' ovarian were removed and blood specimens were taken. Right ovarium tissues were subjected to routine histological procedures and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid shift and Masson's trichrome. Follicles were counted in ovarian sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The TUNEL method was used to evaluate apoptosis. Left ovarian tissue and blood specimens were investigated biochemically. Results: Histopathological examination of EMF group ovarian tissue revealed thinning in the zona granulosa and theca layers, shrinking in granulosa cells, reduced mitotic activity and leukocyte infiltration in the follicles and stroma. Secondary follicle numbers in the EMF group were significantly lower than in the other groups. In terms of biochemistry, EMF and sham group superoxide dismutase, catalase and anti-Mullerian hormone levels and EMF group 3-nitrotyrosine values increased significantly compared to the control group. EMF and sham group serum catalase and 8-hydroxy-deoxiguanosine values increased significantly compared to the control group, and EMF group total oxidant status and oxidative stress index values were significantly higher compared to the sham and control groups. Conclusions: A total of 900-MHz EMF applied in middle and late adolescence may cause changes in the morphology and biochemistry of the rat ovarium.Öğe Deneysel Karbon Tetraklorür Zehirlenmesinde Akciğer Doku Hasarı ve Melatonin Hormonunun Koruyucu Rolü: Işık Mikroskobik ve Biyokimyasal Bir Çalışma(2012) Gülcen, Burak; Karaca, Ömür; Kuş, Murat Abdülgani; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Ögetürk, Murat; Kuş, İlterBu çalışmada, akciğer dokusu üzerindeki karbon tetraklorür (CCl4) toksisitesine karşı melatonin hormonunun koruyucu etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. 24 adet Wistar-Albino cinsi erkek sıçanlar üç eşit gruba ayrıldı. Grup Ideki sıçanlar kontrol olarak kullanıldı. Grup IIdeki hayvanlara gün aşırı olarak ve derialtı yolla CCl4 uygulandı. Grup IIIdeki sıçanlara ise CCl4 enjeksiyonu ile birlikte yine gün aşırı olarak ve derialtı yolla melatonin verildi. Dört haftalık deney süresi sonunda bütün sıçanlar dekapite edilerek akciğerleri çıkartıldı. Biyokimyasal incelemeler için, akciğer doku örneklerinin bir bölümünde süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px) enzim aktiviteleri ve malondialdehit (MDA) seviyeleri spektrofotometrik olarak belirlendi. Mikroskobik incelemeler için, doku örnekleri rutin histolojik prosedürlerden geçirilerek parafine gömüldü. CCl4 enjeksiyonu yapılan sıçanlara ait akciğer doku örneklerindeki SOD ve GSH-Px enzim aktivitelerinin kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı, MDA düzeylerinin ise arttığı tespit edildi. Mikroskobik incelemede ise, CCl4 maruziyetinin akciğerde pulmoner interstisyumda hemorajiye, polimorf çekirdekli lökosit ve makrofaj infiltrasyonuna neden olduğu görüldü. CCl4 enjeksiyonu ile birlikte melatonin uygulanan hayvanlarda, SOD ve GSH-Px enzim aktivitelerinde bir artışın meydana geldiği, MDA değerlerinde ise anlamlı bir düşüşün olduğu gözlendi. Işık mikroskobik incelemelerde, CCl4 toksisitesinin neden olduğu histopatolojik değişikliklerin melatonin uygulamasıyla düzeldiği görüldü. CCl4 toksisitesinin akciğerlerde önemli ölçüde oksidatif doku hasarına yol açtığı ve bu hasarın melatonin uygulamasıyla önlenebildiği tespit edildi.Öğe Disruption of the ovarian follicle reservoir of prepubertal rats following prenatal exposure to a continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Türedi, Sibel; Hancı, Hatice; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Kaya, Haydar; Odacı, ErsanThe effects on human health of electromagnetic field (EMF) have begun to be seriously questioned with the entry into daily life of devices establishing EMF, such as cell phones, wireless fidelity, and masts. Recent studies have reported that exposure to EMF, particularly during pregnancy, affects the developing embryo/fetus. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the effects of exposure to continuous 900-Megahertz (MHz) EMF applied in the prenatal period on ovarian follicle development and oocyte differentiation. Six pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into a non-exposed control group (CNGr) and a group (EMFGr) exposed to continuous 900-MHz EMF for 1 h daily, at the same time every day, on days 13-21 of pregnancy. New groups were established from pups obtained from both groups after birth. One group consisting of female pups from CNGr rats was adopted as newborn CNGr (New-CNGr, n = 6), and another group consisting of female pups from EMFGr rats was adopted as newborn EMFGr (New-EMFGr, n = 6). No procedure was performed on New-CNGr or New-EMFGr rats. All rat pups were sacrificed on the postnatal 34th day, and their ovarian tissues were removed. Follicle count, histological injury scoring and morphological assessment with apoptotic index criteria were performed with sections obtained following routine histological tissue preparation. Follicle count results revealed a statistically significant decrease in primordial and tertiary follicle numbers in New-EMFGr compared to New-CNGr (p<0.05), while atretic follicle numbers and apoptotic index levels increased significantly (p<0.05). Histopathological examination revealed severe follicle degeneration, vasocongestion, a low level of increased stromal fibrotic tissue and cytoplasmic vacuolization in granulosa cell in New-EMFGr. Prenatal exposure to continuous 900-MHz EMF for 1 h each day from days 13-21 led to a decrease in ovarian follicle reservoirs in female rat pups at the beginning of the prepubertal period.Öğe Effect of Ginkgo biloba on brain volume after carotid artery occlusion in rats: a stereological and histopathological study(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2014) Aktürk, Zeynep; Odacı, Ersan; İkinci, Ayşe; Baş, Orhan; Canpolat, Sinan; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Sönmez, Osman FikretBackground/aim: This study investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba (GB) on brain volume in cerebral ischemia induced by stopping carotid artery blood flow. Materials and methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. No procedure was performed on the control group. Ischemia was applied to the rats in the ischemia and ischemia + GB groups by clamping the arteria carotis communis for 30 min. The rats in the ischemia + GB group were given 100 mg/kg drops (Tebokan Fort Drop, Abdi Ibrahim Ilac Sanayi A.S., Turkey) containing dry GB leaf extract orally, every day for 14 days from the day of ischemia. In the sham group, surgical stress alone was applied by performing a skin incision. On the 14th day, brain tissues were extracted and evaluated stereologically and histopathologically. Results: The only statistically significant difference was observed between the sham and control groups. Conclusion: This result may be interpreted as surgical stress, established by cutaneous incision, having an adverse effect on brain volume. Additionally, the absence of any difference in terms of brain volume following 30 min of ischemia between the ischemia and control groups suggests that a probable postischemic rise in brain volume disappears within 14 days.Öğe The effect of prenatal exposure to 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-old-day rat testicle(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Hancı, Hatice; Odacı, Ersan; Kaya, Haydar; Aliyazıcıoğlu, Yüksel; Turan, İbrahim; Demir, Selim; Çolakoğlu, SerdarThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) in the prenatal term on the 21-old-day rat testicle. Pregnant rats were divided into control (CG) and EMF (EMFG) groups. EMFG was exposed to 900-MHz EMF during days 13-21 of pregnancy. Newborn CG rats were obtained from the CG and newborn EMFG (NEMFG) rats from the EMFG. Testicles were extracted at postnatal day 21. Lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation levels, apoptotic index and histopathological damage scores were compared. NEMFG rats exhibited irregularities in seminiferous tubule basal membrane and epithelium, immature germ cells in the lumen, and a decreased diameter in seminiferous tubules and thickness of epithelium. Apoptotic index, lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation were higher in NEMFG rats than in NCG. 21-day-old rat testicles exposed to 900-MHz EMF in the prenatal term may be adversely affected, and this effect persists after birth. Published by Elsevier Inc.Öğe Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Diclofenac Sodium on the Development of Arteries in the Female Rat A Stereological and Histopathological Evaluation(Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2016) Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Altunkaynak, Muhammed Eyüp; Zengin, Halit; Elibol, Ebru; Altunkaynak, Berrin Zuhal; Kesim, Yüksel; Kaplan, SüleymanOBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of diclofenac sodium (DS) exposure on the prenatal development of female rat arteries. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant rats were separated into control, saline-injected, and drug-treated (DS) groups. Starting from the 5th day following mating until the 15th day of pregnancy, saline and DS (1 mg/kg daily) were injected intraperitoneally into the pregnant rats in the saline and DS groups, respectively. No injection was given to the rats in the control group. Of the offspring born to the pregnant rats, females were chosen. At the end of the 4th and 20th weeks, vessel samples were removed and evaluated using stereological techniques. RESULTS: Our results indicated no significant difference between the volume fractions of the tunica media and lumen in the femoral and brachial arteries of the 4-week-old female rats. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the 4- and 20-week-old female rats in terms of the volume fractions of the tunica media and lumen in their aortas and femoral and brachial arteries. However, a significant difference was observed in the condition of the 4-week-old female rats' aortas. CONCLUSION: Prenatal exposure of female rats to DS may inhibit the development of the arterial system.Öğe Effect of prenatal exposure to diclofenac sodium on the development of arteries in the female rat: A stereological and histopathological evaluation(Science Printers and Publishers Inc., 2016) Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Altunkaynak, Muhammed Eyüp; Zengin, Halit; Elibol, Ebru; Altunkaynak, Berrin Zuhal; Kesim, Yüksel; Kaplan, SüleymanObjective: To investigate the effect of diclofenac sodium (DS) exposure on the prenatal development of female rat arteries. Study Design: Pregnant rats were separated into control, saline-injected, and drug-treated (DS) groups. Starting from the 5th day following mating until the 15th day of pregnancy, saline and DS (1 mg/kg daily) were injected intraperitoneally into the pregnant rats in the saline and DS groups, respectively. No injection was given to the rats in the control group. Of the offspring born to the pregnant rats, females were chosen. At the end of the 4th and 20th weeks, vessel samples were removed and evaluated using stereological techniques. Results: Our results indicated no significant difference between the volume fractions of the tunica media and lumen in the femoral and brachial arteries of the 4-week-old female rats. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the 4- and 20-week-old female rats in terms of the volume fractions of the tunica media and lumen in their aortas and femoral and brachial arteries. However, a significant difference was observed in the condition of the 4-week-old female rats' aortas. Conclusion: Prenatal exposure of female rats to DS may inhibit the development of the arterial system. © Science Printers and Publishers, Inc.Öğe Effects of 900-MHz electromagnetic fields exposure throughout middle/late adolescence on the kidney morphology and biochemistry of the female rat(Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Okatan, Derya Öztürk; Okatan, Ali Ertan; Hancı, Hatice; Demir, Selim; Yaman, Serap Özer; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Odacı, ErsanThe effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) established when cell phones are in use on human health, and particularly the head, has been the subject of major scientific research. Phones are usually carried near the lumbar region when not in use, and the kidneys will also inevitably be affected by such fields. We investigated the effects on the kidneys of female rats exposed to a continuous 900-megahertz (MHz) EMF for 1 h daily in mid-late adolescence. Control, sham, and EMF groups were established. The EMF was applied to the application group rats daily on postnatal days 35-59. A pseudo-megahertz effect was applied to sham group rats. All animals were euthanized on postnatal day 60. Right kidney tissues were subjected to routine procedures. Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, and total oxidant status (TOS) were investigated in left kidneys, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was also calculated from these. Histopathological analysis revealed no pathology in either the control or sham groups. However, findings including hemorrhage in glomerulus, vacuolization and irregularity in the proximal and distal tubular epithelium, diffuse glomerular degeneration and edema, occasional degeneration in Bowman capsules, hemorrhage in the medullary region, disturbed nucleus location and morphology, and tubular edema in the cortex were observed in the EMF groups. TOS and OSI values were lower in the EMF group (9.4316 +/- 1.0211 and 0.8461 +/- 0.0826, respectively) and the sham group (8.2171 +/- 0.6437 and 0.7358 +/- 0.0545, respectively) than in the control group (11.1522 +/- 1.3389 and 1.0085 +/- 0.1174, respectively) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to a continuous 900-MHz EMF for 1 h daily during middle and late adolescence may cause various changes in the female rat kidney at postnatal day 60.Öğe The effects of a continuous 1-h a day 900-MHz electromagnetic field applied throughout early and mid-adolescence on hippocampus morphology and learning behavior in late adolescent male rats(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Keleş, Ayşe İkinci; Yıldırım, Mehmet; Gedikli, Öznur; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Kaya, Haydar; Baş, Orhan; Odacı, ErsanThe purpose of this study was to investigate hippocampus morphology and changes in learning behavior in male rats in late adolescence exposed to the effect of a continuous 1-h a day 900-megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF). Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-weeks were divided equally into control, sham and EMF groups. EMF group rats were exposed to a 900-MHz EMF inside an EMF cage, while the sham group rats were placed in the same cage but were not exposed to such an effect. No procedure was performed on the control group. Following 25-day application of EMF, passive avoidance, 8-arm radial maze and Y-maze tests were applied to determine rats' learning and memory performances. Open field and rotarod tests were applied to assess locomotor activity. At the end of the tests, the animals' brains were removed. Sections were taken and stained with toluidine blue. The regions of the hippocampus were subjected to histopathological evaluation. At histopathological examination, impairments of pyramidal and granular cell structures were observed in the EMF group hippocampus. No significant change was observed in learning, memory or locomotor behavior in any group. In conclusion, 900-MHz EMF applied in early and mid-adolescence causes no changes in learning, memory or locomotor behavior.Öğe Effects of erdosteine on alpha amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2016) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Yılmaz, İsmail; Admış, Özlem; Oktay, Murat; Bayram, Recep; Bakırcı, Sinan; Çolakoğlu, SerdarThe aim of this study was to investigate beneficial effects of erdosteine in the alpha amanitine-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Three hours after giving alpha amanitin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) to the mice, they were administered silibinin (50 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or erdosteine (100 mg/kg/d, oral) therapies once a day for 3 d. A histopathological examination of their liver tissues was carried out 24 h after the last treatment; transaminase levels, blood urea nitrogen, urea, and creatinine were analyzed in serum. Erdosteine showed a beneficial effect by significantly improving the functional parameters particularly in alpha amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity and partially in renal toxicity. In the histopathological evaluation, the toxicity that was generated with alpha amanitin was significantly reduced by erdosteine, showing a possible hepatoprotective effect. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Öğe Effects of long-term exposure to 900 megahertz electromagnetic field on heart morphology and biochemistry of male adolescent rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Kerimoğlu, Gökçen; Mercantepe, Tolga; Erol, Hüseyin Serkan; Turgut, Alpgiray; Kaya, Haydar; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Odacı, ErsanThe pathological effects of exposure to an electromagnetic field (EMF) during adolescence may be greater than those in adulthood. We investigated the effects of exposure to 900 MHz EMF during adolescence on male adult rats. Twenty-four 21-day-old male rats were divided into three equal groups: control (Cont-Gr), sham (Shm-Gr) and EMF-exposed (EMF-Gr). EMF-Gr rats were placed in an EMF exposure cage (Plexiglas cage) for 1 h/day between postnatal days 21 and 59 and exposed to 900 MHz EMF. Shm-Gr rats were placed inside the Plexiglas cage under the same conditions and for the same duration, but were not exposed to EMF. All animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 60 and the hearts were extracted for microscopic and biochemical analyses. Biochemical analysis showed increased levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione and catalase levels in EMF-Gr compared to Cont-Gr animals. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections from EMF-Gr animals exhibited structural changes and capillary congestion in the myocardium. The percentage of apoptotic myocardial cells in EMF-Gr was higher than in either Shm-Gr or Cont-Gr animals. Transmission electron microscopy of myocardial cells of EMF-Gr animals showed altered structure of Z bands, decreased myofilaments and pronounced vacuolization. We found that exposure of male rats to 900 MHz EMF for 1 h/day during adolescence caused oxidative stress, which caused structural alteration of male adolescent rat heart tissue.
