Balçık, Özlem BozdoğanÖzdemir, TurgayÇakicier, Nevzat2025-10-112025-10-1120251930-2126https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.2.3663-3675https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21348Increasing global problems and stricter regulation of industrial waste management necessitate a more detailed examination of waste materials. In addition, because of problems such as surface cracking and discoloration of surface-treated materials during use, increasing varnish durability is a popular topic today. In this study, to increase the surface treatment performance, different proportions (2.5%, 5%) of waste marble powder were added into varnishes (water-based and polyurethane varnish) and their effect on surface treatment was evaluated in terms of gloss and oscillatory hardness test. The highest gloss and oscillatory hardness was found in specimens where the marble powder was at a 2.5% level. As the proportion of marble powder in the mixture increased, it had a matting effect. Oscillatory hardness was found to be higher in polyurethane varnish in the radial section. Among the wood species, beech wood exhibited the highest hardness value with polyurethane varnish. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.en10.15376/biores.20.2.3663-3675info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAnatolian ChestnutEastern BeechEastern SpruceGlossMarble PowderOscillatory HardnessYellow PineBrinell Hardness TestingVarnishWaste TreatmentWater HardnessWoodAnatolian ChestnutEastern BeechEastern SpruceGlobal ProblemsGlossMarble PowderOscillatory HardnessPolyurethane VarnishesWood MaterialsYellow PineBrinell HardnessEffluent TreatmentPicea OrientalisWater HardnessArticle202366336752-s2.0-105002655656Q3