Yoldaş, T.Erişmiş, U.C.2023-07-262023-07-2620222602-456Xhttps://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1176451https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/13417Organisms adapt to abiotic environmental conditions in order to survive. Especially environmental temperature changes are effective on their feeding, reproduction, development, and morphology. Extreme temperature changes can be fatal, especially for ectothermic animals. Terrestrial ectotherms have developed some special behavioral, physiological, and biochemical strategies to survive in freezing temperatures in nature. Some species avoid freezing temperatures by migrating and hibernating under water or soil. Others have to spend the winter exposed to freezing conditions. In general, cold hardiness depends on freeze avoidance (supercooling) and freeze tolerance strategies. In the case of freeze avoidance, the liquid form of body fluids is preserved at temperatures below the freezing point, while the freezing of more than 50% of the total water in their bodies can be tolerated in animals using the freeze tolerance strategy. The freeze tolerance strategy, which has also been found in some amphibian and reptile groups from terrestrial hibernator animals, enables them to survive in freezing winter conditions. These special species are protected from the deadly effects of freezing by the cryoprotective mechanisms. These animals, whose vital activities are completely stopped during freezing, return to normal life in a short time after thawing. The research of this miraculous mechanism not only explains the complex adaptation of animals but also provides resources for tissue and cell cryopreservation technology. This review will contribute to those who want to do research on this subject, which has not yet been studied enough, by providing information on the freeze tolerance strategies of amphibians. © 2022, ABADER (Adıyaman Bilimsel Arastırmalar Dernegi). All rights reserved.tr10.31594/commagene.1176451info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessantifreeze proteinsantioxidant defenseCryoprotectantsEctoterm hibernationfreeze avoidancefreeze toleranceReview Article622422532-s2.0-85145477772N/A